What are the Best Coconut Waters – We Rate 35 Brands

Best Coconut Waters

Updated 2/21 – Whole Foods is back with two new versions an organic version in cardboard and another non-organic in a can. We’ve sent them to tasters for their opinions – look for them soon.

Added Vita Coco Pressed – it did pretty well. Re-tasted Harmless Harvest.

Updated 1/21 – 2 new coconut waters: 7-11 store and C₂0 Farmers Reserve. Updated prices with a few new impressions.

What are the best coconut waters? Judging by the amount of shelf space devoted to them in grocery stores, coconut water is a popular item. Not being a huge fan of the fruit, I had never tried it until it was recommended to me by several doctors. They extolled the virtues: low in calories (the average is 55  per serving), lots of electrolytes, more potassium than a banana, no fat, no cholesterol, and an easy way to hydrate. I decided to give it a try and picked up a carton at Trader Joe’s. It was terrible; I nearly spit it out. It was weeks until I gave another brand a try. The second, Amy & Brian’s was much more pleasant and easy to drink, which led me to investigate the wide variety of brands available.

Some of their websites promise all kinds of miracles. For example, CocoFresh claims to “help with rashes, kill intestinal worms, check urinary infections, is a tonic for senior citizens & sick people, cure malnourishment, treat kidney & urethral stones and eliminate poisons”. Another “increases semen, promotes digestion, and is a “proven pitta-pacifier” with a pranaropana-life-restoring-capacity”. Huh?

Over the last six months, I have tried many brands and have found a huge variation in taste. Some were too sweet, some bitingly acidic, others tasted like a chemical brew, and a few had little flavor at all. It occurred to me that it would be worth the time to do a taste test: What are the best coconut waters?

I held tastings over four nights with 17 intrepid friends, rating 18 brands in a blind tasting (additional brands were added in later tastings). Here are the results, with the top brands listed from lowest score to highest.

One issue that gave us fits – inconsistency. At first, I thought I was losing my mind when I did tastings with the second and third groups – ratings were very different than the first group. After buying samples of the same water over three months, it became clear that aside from the big-name brands such as O.N.E or Naked, the overall taste varied considerably from batch to batch. The smallest, least processed waters such as Harmless Harvest had a wide variation in taste, with two groups calling it the best, and two groups the worst. This is the reason you’ll see divergent comments in the ratings, but in the end, enough people participated in the tasting with samples from different sources so that the averages worked out. I discussed the issue with a couple of juice company representatives, and was told that “much like wine, the flavor of each coconut varies, especially from season to season and the age of the coconut”. Apparently, young coconuts are best for water whereas older once are best for industrial uses. In addition, some brands add “natural flavors” or sugar to ensure consistency between batches. Therefore, these ratings are subjective, based on the taster’s preferences, and the particular batch of water. I did go out of my way to buy one of each brand from three different stores.

One trend over the years since this report was first published is the rise of more “artisanal” coconut waters. For instance Trader Joe’s cheapest coconut water is rated dead last, but their refrigerated version earns a much more respectable 8th place. Also, prices on coconut waters go up and down like the stock market. If you check different stores, you can find a price difference of $1 per can within the same brand. For this reason, though I update the prices regularly, you may find differences. One thing I did highlight is whether they have been pasteurized as this is thought to make a difference in nutritional value. We’ve changed our list of best coconut waters – the “Not recommended and “Fair” are no longer ranked by order of preference. There were so many similarly bad waters it was becoming tedious to rank them.

Not recommended:

7-11 Select – A reader recommended an upscale version of 7-11 store water, but the only one near me was their standard brand. Let’s examine the ingredients: coconut water, sugar, coconut pulp, coconut flavorings, sulfites.

• Comments: “this is in the worst top 5.” “So sweet,” “undrinkable,” “just awful.”

Need I say more?

Blue Monkey: Metal can, non-organic, no additives, flash pasteurized., $0.12/Fl Oz. The Philippines. BPA free.

On a June 2019 trip to the bay area, I picked up a new version in a fancy blue bottle. It had a good toasted coconut flavor but was overly sweet. Between the bottle and the French writing on it, It feels like a gimmick. The rating remains the same.

• Comments: “Lingering chemical aftertaste”. “Overpowering chemical aroma”, “Heavy”, “Dull”, “Way too sweet!”, “Metallic”.

CocoCoast: Metal can, organic, 100% “green coconuts”. We found this at Providore Fine Foods, a local, upscale grocery store. They usually carry top-notch products, and even though it was $3.39 a can, we bought two based on Providore’s reputation.

• Comments: “Sugar, sugar, sugar!”, “OMG, this is one of the worst ones you’ve made us taste”, “has a metallic finish”, “I grew up in the Philipines and this is nothing like I grew up with”, “Too sweet!”.

Coco Joy: Metal can. From Vietnam. $0.20/Fl Oz. They claim no added sugar/preservatives and not from concentrate. I find that hard to believe. Another terrible coconut water, it tastes like sugar with a hint of coconut. For the limited Covid panel, we couldn’t get it down. This stuff is just wrong.

• Comments: “This is awful!”, “Why do you keep doing this to us?”,  “Undrinkable”. “Throw the rest away”, “It’s like drinking glucose”.

Coco Libre: Paper container, water, organic coconut concentrate, and “natural flavors,” flash pasteurized. $0.22/Fl Oz.

• Comments: “Salty”, “Awful x 3”, “Heavy”, “tastes like something dairy”, “You need a spit cup”.

Festival Coconut Water: this brand recently appeared in most major stores as well as online. The price is right – $0.15/Fl Oz. 100% organic. Metal can. Thailand. We just retested this with the full panel. The cost per can has jumped 49 cents since 2019. (Retested 8.27 with the same results – we both spit it out.)

• Comments:  “Cardboard taste”, “Nasty!”, “Terrible aftertaste”, “Nutty, but a bit too sweet”, slight chemical aftertaste”, “if you’ve got any more of this, throw it away!”. This is truly one of the worst we’ve tasted.

Nature Factor: Metal can, organic, no additives, high-temp pasteurized.  $0.20/Fl Oz.

• Comments: “If this was representative of the others, coconut water would have no future”. “Smells like a pond”. “Woody”, “Too sweet”

O.N.E.: Paper container, non-organic, contains water, sugar, coconut concentrate, “natural flavors”, flash pasteurized, $0.13/Fl Oz. Owned by Pepsi

• Comments: “Oddly salty”, “Bland x 5”, “Simple”, “Not too sweet”, “Off taste”, “Foul”, “Oh hell no!”, “Chemical taste”.

Refreshe: Paper container, non-organic, vitamin C added, flash pasteurized., $0.13/Fl Oz.

• Comments: “Could hardly get down”, “Caramel”, “Too sweet – x 12”, “Tastes like cherry Koolaid”, “Awful”, “Unpleasant smell” – Safeway brand.

Tasco Young Coconut Juice – Metal can, includes sugar, preservatives. Flash Pasteurized.

• Comments: “Ugh – tastes like chemicals” “Too damn sweet”. This water cost us only $1.19 at an Asian market, making it one of the lowest-priced, but I would never buy it again.

Taste Nirvana Young Coconut Juice: Glass container, non-organic. Cane sugar, sodium metabisulfite added. Don’t confuse this with our top-10 listing which leaves out the word “young.”

• Comments: I didn’t even bother to put this before the group. I’m sure I speak for all of them when I say this was the worst we’ve ever tasted. To be fair, they call this “juice”, not water, but it looks and is labeled much like their regular coconut water. The clear glass bottle is rather pretty with long strips of coconut floating in it, but that is where the good ends. It’s like drinking a mouthful of brown sugar – almost to the point of being syrupy. It also contains 5 grams of saturated fat and 10 grams of sugar in 9.5oz. Most coconut waters have 0 fat and 100 calories in a 16.2oz container. I’m not a fan of sweet drinks to start with, but I couldn’t finish the bottle. Don’t confuse this with Taste Nirvana Real Coconut Water which is currently at #2 on this list.

Trader Joe’s Pure Coconut Water: Paper container, non-organic, vitamin C added, flash pasteurized. $0.25/Fl Oz.

• Comments: The judging was universal – it was the worst of the entire group. We found it acrid and bitter, yet watery. I couldn’t drink the leftover water and ended up pouring it out. This is the non-refrigerated version.

Trader Joe’s Organic King Coconut Water – Cardboard container with an attached straw. USDA Organic, not from concentrate. Sri Lanka. $0.16/Fl Oz. We were not impressed by yet another version of coconut water from Trader Joe’s.

• Comments: “Watery”, “lacks body”, “tastes cheap”, “there are coconuts in this?”, “I wouldn’t pay for this”.

Fair:

365 Whole Foods: Metal can, non-organic, no additives, flash pasteurized. Product of Thailand. $0.13/Fl Oz.

• Comments: “Middle of the road”, “Easy drinking”, “Drinkable”, “Pleasant”, “This tastes slightly metallic on the back of the tongue.”

365 Whole Foods Organic: Paper carton. Coming soon!

C₂0 :  Metal can, non-organic, no additives, high-temp pasteurized, $0.18/Fl Oz.

• Comments: “Bland x 3”,  “Smooth”, “Average”. “Awful!”, “Sugary”. Retasted 4.19 – “Nasty!”, “Even worse than before”, “Plastic taste”, “Foul”.

C₂0 “Farmers Reserve”: 16.9 oz. Plastic bottle. Organic. No additives. Must refrigerate. Milky white in color. $0.18/Fl Oz.

We thought this might be better than the generic C₂0. It wasn’t. The only ingredient is “pure young coconut water”. I’d like to put it higher on this list – “it tastes great and does good in the world around us! We are 1% for the Planet members and proceeds from this bottle support our communities and the environment. This bottle is made with recycled plastic materials and 100% recyclable to minimize our footprint on the world.” I thought maybe something was off with the bottle I’d purchased and went to another store hoping it would be better but it wasn’t. When the taster’s notes came in, I knew it wasn’t just me. All of us poured it down the drain. I expected better from something at this price.

• Comments: “What is that off taste?” “There is something odd here… it tastes like it has preservatives.” “It’s unforgettable because it’s so bad!” “How can unadulterated coconut taste like this?” “I think this may be worse than the regular version of C₂0.”

Cadia All Natural: Metal can, no added ingredients. Flash Pasteurized. Thailand. Updated 2.19

• Comments: “Ugh… nasty”, “Astringent”, “No body”,  “Lousy aftertaste”, “Off taste”. “Not refreshing”. “Way down my list”, “Throw the rest out”.

CoCo Fresh: Metal container, non-organic, no additives, $0.22/Fl Oz.

• Comments: “not a hint of taste”, “Not much fragrance”, “Icky”, “Unremarkable”, “Smooth, but so is water”, “Bland”.

Columbia Gorge Organic – Plastic container, organic, no additives, cold-pressed, distributed refrigerated. Thailand. $0.23/Fl Oz. Information is sparse – not much on the web and CGO’s website is terribly outdated and not mobile-friendly. I generally like CGO products but wasn’t impressed with this one. But the taste is what you are here for:

• Comments: “Wow, I thought this would be better; it’s so bland”. “No depth… a very flat taste”, “The mouthfeel is a little off”, “$4! – It’s not worth it”.

Foco: Cardboard container. From Thailand. Not listed as organic. No added sugar/preservatives. Various sizes. $0.07/Fl Oz.

• Comments: “Bland”, ” Watery”, “Not offensive but not particularly good”, It lacking something to make it stand out from the pack”, “Ok for the price, but not particularly enjoyable”.

Full Circle Market: Cardboard container. Contains ascorbic acid. Not organic. Origin not clear. $0.10/Fl Oz.

• Comments: The vitamin C which is added as a preservative is not nearly as overwhelming as other brands that use it. “Light, easy-drinking”, “fairly refreshing beverage”, “Innocuous”, “Middle of the road”, “nothing to write home about, but okay”.

Harvest Bay: an 8.45 oz. cardboard container with a “sippy straw”. Thailand. $0.21/Fl Oz.

• Comments: “Tastes off.”, “Chemical tones”, “Flat”, “No, I wouldn’t buy this”, “Near the bottom of my list”, “Doesn’t taste much like anything”.

Naked: Paper container, non-organic, added fruit sugar, flash pasteurized, $0.13/Fl Oz. Flash Pasteurized. Added sugar. Owned by Pepsi. USDA Certified Organic. According to news reports, they have had a class action lawsuit for using GMOs and deceptive labeling.

• Comments: “Bland”. “Tastes like plastic”, “Nothing special”, “Tastes off”.

Vita Coco:  Paper container, non-organic, <1% fruit sugar, ultra-high temp pasteurized, vitamin C added. $0.14/Fl Oz. Some versions use carrageenan

• Comments: “Not bad”, “Just ok”, “Bland”, “Better on 2nd pass”, “Better warm”, “Fruity”, Citric acid taste”, “Average”, “Boring”, “Smooth”.

Wild Harvest: 100% coconut water, no artificial colors/flavors, no preservatives. “Micro filtered”. 8oz can. $0.10/Fl Oz. This is a recent entry that is showing up everywhere. Don’t confuse this with Harmless Harvest which is in our top-10.

• Comments: “Innocuous”, “Bland”, “Not unpleasant”, “Would do in a pinch”, “Price is right”, “Slight off taste”.

Zico: Plastic container, non-organic, not from concentrate. Non-GMO. 100% coconut water, ultra-high temp pasteurized. $0.14/Fl Oz. Owned by Coca-Cola (this review updated for new formula 7/17 ). Ultra-high temperature pasteurization.

• Comments: “Ok”, “Unremarkable”, “Bland”, “Middle of the pack”, “Grassy”, “Simple”, “Tastes like plastic”. [The comments above have been updated since they reformulated the product and it moved up the listings.]

Kirkland (Costco): cardboard container. Sold in packs of 12. Product of the Philippines. Cardboard container. 11.1 oz.  Organic coconut water, organic sugar, Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C). Advertised as “99% juice”. The tasting panel argued over this one and ended up being split 50/50. Vitamin C usually gives a nasty aftertaste and this followed that trend. The biggest critics are from those on the panel who grew up in Thailand and the Philippines”.

• Comments: “It smells like piss”, “Slightly soapy”, “Tastes like old coconuts”, “Smooth”.

Kroger brand – Simple Truth: cardboard container, organic, no additives. Philipines. This was so similar to Thirsty Buddha (below) that we think it may be the same company. In our 2019 tasting, it was $.89. In 2020, $1.50, and the taste has gone downhill. $0.24/Fl Oz.

• Comments: “Tastes watered down”, “Not much flavor”, Easy drinking”, “Another bland one”, “Slightly astringent”, “Smooth”, “Not too sweet”, “Oily aftertaste”.

Good:

13. Amy & Brian’s: Metal container, organic, no additives, flash pasteurized. $0.18/Fl Oz. No GMO’s, no preservatives. When Re-tasted 2.19 the tasters weren’t as impressed because of high sweetness – interesting as there are no added ingredients.

• Comments: “Watery”, “Bland”, “Too sweet”, “Wow – too sweet!”, “Mellow”, “Brown sugar”, “Better than most”, “Could do in a pinch”.

12. Thirsty Buddha: Cardboard container, organic, no GMO’s, Philippines. See note on Kroger above. We picked this up at T.J. Max for $.89.

• Comments: “A bit watery”, “Bland but refreshing”, “light”, “Smooth”, “Not much body”, “Not much character”, “Slightly astringent”.

11. Trader Joe’s 100% Pure (cold case): Plastic container, organic, no additives, cold high-pressure processed, $0.25/Fl Oz. Re-tasted 2/18

• Comments: “Actually tastes like coconuts”, “Not as sweet as the others”, “Refreshing”. “Expensive for Trader Joe’s”

10. Maui & Sons: Cardboard container. Product of Vietnam (seems a bit deceptive to have Maui prominently in the name). 100% coconut water – not organic, but no preservatives. $0.08/Fl Oz. I’m getting some surprising waters as friends have started sending them to me. This, from Home Goods, was a surprise for all of us.

• Comments: “Very easy drinking”, “Not a lot of character and no toasty notes, but refreshing nonetheless”. “Not too sweet”, “I could drink this on a regular basis – especially as coconut water cost keeps rising”, “I’m surprised how easy this goes down”.

9. Obrigado: cardboard container. No additives/sugar. Water is processed without exposure to light or air, which is supposed to make it better.

• Comments: We were surprised it didn’t place higher on this list, but the two samples we bought had a slightly off taste, with hard edges. Comments were all over the place: “Tastes more like home than most”, “a bit one dimensional but still good”, “doesn’t taste very coconutty”.

8. Vita Coco Pressed: 16.9/FL Oz. plastic container. Non-GMO, BPA free, but not organic.  $0.31/Fl Oz. Ingredients: Coconut water from concentrate, coconut puree, less than 1% sugar, vitamin C, gellan gum. Thailand. We were surprised when we tasted this coconut water. Usually, these ingredients result in water that is less than stellar. However, despite the addition of Vitamin C, in this case, used as a preservative, it was pretty good, with just a slight chemical taste. The body was smooth, with almost a creamy feel, like a bit of coconut milk had been added. Unlike many of the coconut waters in this list, we all finished the bottles.

• Comments: “Smooth; tastes oddly creamy. is that the gellan gum?” “Easily drinkable, but you can tell it’s not pure.” “I could drink this without complaints in a pinch.” “Not sure it’s worth the $3.00 a bottle price, but it’s a big bottle.”

7. Zola: Metal container, non-organic, <1% sugar, $0.24/Fl Oz.

• Comments: “Too sweet”, “Very toasty”, “Good coconut flavor”, “I actually could drink this daily”, “Complex”, “Layered”, “Like toasted almonds”, “Refreshing”, “Best of the bunch”

Best Choices:

6. Real Coco Organic – Cardboard container. Organic. From the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. 100% coconut water, no additives. $0.15/Fl Oz. I’ve seen this frequently at Costco’s in the California Bay area.

• Comments: The jury is still out on this one; only two of the tasting panel have tried it because of Covid-19. When cold, it’s quite refreshing with a light rounded flavor, good body. It easily belongs in the top 10, however, when it warmed up a bit as it might if you were drinking it through a meal, it takes on the slight aroma of a damp rag. The other taster said I was crazy, but, after I pointed it out, he said it was all he could think about. Unfortunately, I’ve got a crazy good nose for picking up subtle odors. We’ll get back to this when we can get 10 people in a room again, but for now, I’m putting it at #7.
• Comments to come.

5. Purity Organic: Paper container, organic, water/coconut concentrate, flash pasteurized, $0.18/Fl Oz.

• Comments: “A bit syrupy, but very nice taste”, “Refreshing x 4”, “Quenching”, “Crisp”, “Nice finish”, “A little too sweet”.

4. Original Villager Natural Coconut Water: Paper container. No added ingredients.  Certified USDA Organic. 33.8 oz. The Philippines $0.15/Fl Oz. Note: This company may have gone out of business – it doesn’t seem to be available and the website is not working properly.

• Comments: We received this directly from the manufacturer. As of now, it is only available in the San Francisco Bay Area.
• Comments: “Crisp”, “Refreshing”, “Better than I expected”, “Nice toasty flavor”, “No off processing tastes”, “Not too sweet”.

3. Harmless Harvest Coconut Water: never heated, sold in the cold case. Plastic container, organic, no additives, cold high-pressure processed. $0.31/Fl Oz., the most expensive on our list. From Thailand. This water varies from an almost clear color to very pink, which they claim is from the antioxidants interacting with light. Note: This was number 16 during our test in 2015. Multiple tastings showed it seemed to vary widely from batch to batch. Though the company used to call their product “raw”, they have discontinued the phrase due to issues with the FDA. In 2016 the company was sued by a group claiming they were not really using organic coconuts, which they settled but denied any wrongdoing.

• 2015: “Excellent”, “bright”, “toasty flavor” – our number 2 pick.
• 2016: “Unpleasant aftertaste”, “No! No!”, “Horrible.” “Too sweet!” “Toasty coconut, but a bit much.”  “Nutty” “Tastes very green (not in a good way)” – our 16th pick.
• 2017: “fresh”, “balanced”, toasted coconut” – 3rd place.
• 2018: nice full body, but oddly sweet.
• 2019: This is much more similar from bottle to bottle than it used to be. However, after being given a case of this and drinking some every day, I found it rather heavy, something I hadn’t noticed before. Over time I got tired of that heaviness.
• 2021: Picked up another to continue or regular taste test. It is still fairly sweet, so stay away if that bothers you. Otherwise, fresh-tasting, refreshing in flavor.

You can see why had trouble rating Harmless Harvest. Because of these differences from year to year, we feel this brand varies greatly between batches and is difficult to rate. Your experience may vary. Tip: you can get this at Costco in boxes of six (larger size) for <$13. It hides in the refrigerated foods area.

2. Taste Nirvana Real Coconut Water. A best buy: Metal or glass containers, non-organic, no additives Note: as of 2020 the ingredients list <1% fruit sugar, no GMO’s. $0.16/Fl Oz. Thailand Nam Hom coconuts. Instead of pasteurized, they use “HPP” – Cold water high-pressure processing which supposedly preserves the largest amount of taste, nutrients, etc. In 2015 the FDA banned products using this method from sale in the United States. This ban has now been lifted. Prices are steadily climbing on this brand (lately up to $3.29) but it is frequently on sale for around $2.00 a can – (I scored some at $1 a can in 2021. Thailand. Re-tasted 8.20)

• Comments: “Would be great over ice”, “Toasty coconut”, “Nutty”, “Pleasant, smooth and balanced”, “Smooth”, “Nice mouthfeel and body”, “Smooth coconut without the oily aftertaste”.

1. (Note: this no longer seems to be available outside of the UK. The old URL now goes to Vita Coco, which is way down our list). Coco Community Organic Coconut water: Plastic container. From Thailand. Fair Trade, organic, no GMO. This coconut water is made by the same company behind Vita Coco, also on this list. That is where the similarities end. The coconut water is processed with a high-pressure process like Harmless Harvest and shipped cold.

There was quite a bit of debate as to the placement of Coco Community in the rankings. All agreed it was in the top three. In the end, the similarity between two different lots pushed it to the number one spot, as Harmless Harvest tends to vary quite a bit. Taste Nirvana drops one place, but still does well because of the taste/price ratio – it’s possible to find it for $2 a can, whereas Harmless Harvest and Coco Community cost much more. I haven’t been able to find this water in Portland, but it is available in the California Bay Area.

• Comments: “Very refreshing with nice toasty flavors”, “Salty and sweet”, “Great balance”, “Odd finish with a syrupy sweet note”. “Best we’ve tasted”.

1. Water from a real coconut.

A few markets in our area recently started carrying several brands of whole refrigerated coconuts. Both have the husk removed and one has been stripped back enough that you can puncture it with a little straw that is attached. It’s like a natural juice box. The other one was like a bank vault and I pulled out the power drill to get into it. They both tasted the same. Keep in mind they don’t hold very much water.

• Comments: “This reminds me of home, but not quite as good”, “Much better than all of the others”, Expensive for what you get, I’m not sure it’s worth it”, “Tastes like real coconut”, “Oily, but in a good way”, “Wow, I could drink a ton of this”.

Update history:

Updated 1.2021 – many prices, a few new comments.

Updated 8/27/2020 – First impressions: CoCo Joy coconut water – only two tasters due to issues getting the full panel together during Covid-19. Updated Festival. Updated Taste Nirvana.

Updated 8/2020 – First impressions: CoCo Joy.

Updated 7/2020 – added first impressions of Real Coco Organic

Updated 5/2020 – re-tasted Festival, Taste Nirvana (canned), Simple Truth. Added Kirkland, added water from real coconuts. Coco Community discontinued in the USA.

Updated 5/2020- added Kirkland, added “real coconut water”, re-tasted Simple Truth, Taste Nirvana, Festival. Full change list at the bottom.

Updated 9/19 – added Full Circle Market, Foco, Blue Monkey bottled, CocoCoast, Maui & Sons. Revamped listings format.

Updated 5/19 – Added Festival Coconut Water

Updated 4/19 – added Wild Harvest, Thirsty Buddha, Kroger Simple Truth. Re-tasted Amy & Brian’s, Taste Nirvana, C20 and Cadia waters.

Updated 12/18 – prices and a few comments

Updated 2/18 – added Original Villager, Trader Joe’s King Coconut Water, update prices.

Updated 11/17 – added Columbia Gorge, Harvest Bay, restest Harmless Harvest, Coco Community, Obrigado]

Updated 7/17 – Zico has a new formula. Updated 4/17 – Taste Nirvana changed the label, so we retested and found it the same. Also retested Harmless Harvest and found it better – it moved from #16 to  #2, but it proves our point that it tends to vary widely from bottle to bottle. We moved it up with a comment.

Updated 9/16 – added Tasco. Updated 2/16 – added Cadia. Updated 10/15 – downgraded Zola due to a noticeable slip in quality]